Ibrahim Edhem Pasha

Ibrahim Edhem Pasha
Photograph of Ibrahim Edhem Pasha

taken by Abdullah Frères of Constantinople around 1890.
257th Grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire
In office
5 February 1877 – 11 January 1878
Preceded by Midhat Pasha
Succeeded by Ahmed Hamdi Pasha
Ottoman Minister for the Interior
In office
1883–1885
Ottoman Ambassador at Berlin
In office
1876–1876
Ottoman Ambassador at Vienna
In office
1879–1882
Personal details
Born 1819
Chios, Greece, Ottoman Empire
Died 1893
Constantinople, Ottoman Empire
Religion Greek Orthodox Christian, Islam (after abduction)

Ibrahim Edhem Pasha (1819  – 1893) was an Ottoman statesman who held the office of Grand Vizier in the beginning of Abdulhamid II's reign between 5 February 1877 and 11 January 1878.[1] He served numerous administrative positions in the Ottoman Empire including Ottoman minister of foreign affairs in 1856,[2] Ottoman ambassador to Berlin in 1876[3] and Ottoman ambassador to Vienna from 1879 to 1882.[4] He also served as Army Engineer and Ottoman minister of interior from 1883 to 1885.[5] In 1876-1877 he represented the Ottoman Government at the Constantinople Conference.

Contents

Early life

He was born of Greek ancestry,[6][7][8][9][10][11] in a Christian Greek Orthodox village[12] on the island of Chios[13] (Sakız in Turkish). As a young boy in 1822 he was orphaned and captured as a prisoner of war by Ottoman soldiers during the massacre of the Greek population of Chios.[14] He was sold into slavery[15] brought to Constantinople[16] and adopted by the (later) grand vizier Husrev Pasha. Lacking his own children and family, Hüsrev Pasha raised several children who had been orphaned or bought as slaves, he had adopted up to ten children as such, many of them ascending to important positions in society in time.

The child, now named İbrahim Edhem, quickly distinguished himself with his intelligence and after having attended schools in Turkey, he has been dispatched along with a number of his peers, and under the supervision of his father, then grand vizier, and of the sultan Mahmud II himself, to Paris to pursue his studies under state scholarship. There he returned a bachelor of arts, and was one of the top pupils at the Ecole des Mines.[17] He has been a classmate and a friend of Louis Pasteur. He has thus become Turkey's first mining engineer in the modern sense, and he started his career in this field.

Edhem Pasha lineage

Ibrahim Edhem Pasha was the father of Osman Hamdi Bey, a well-known archaeologist and painter, as well the founder of the Istanbul Archaeology Museum and of the Istanbul Academy of Fine Arts. Another son, Halil Edhem Eldem took up the archaeology museum after Osman Hamdi Bey's death and has been a deputy for ten years under the newly founded Turkish Republic. Yet another son, İsmail Galib Bey, is considered as the founder of numismatics as a scientific discipline in Turkey. Later generations of the family also produced illustrious names. Whereas the architect Sedat Hakkı Eldem, a cousin, is one of the pillars of the search for modern architectural styles adopted by the Republic of Turkey (called the Republican style in the Turkish context) in its early years and which marks many important buildings dating from the period of the twenties and the thirties in Turkey. A great-grandson, Burak Eldem, is a writer while another, Edhem Eldem, is a renowned historian.

See also

References

  1. ^ Latimer, Elizabeth Wormeley (2008). Russia and Turkey in the Nineteenth Century. BiblioBazaar. p. 204. ISBN 055952708X. "Gand vizier Edhem Pasha…the grand vizier, who sent him to Paris, whence he returned a bachelor of arts, and one of the best pupils at the Ecole des Mines. He was advanced to high dignities, was several times minister, and was made grand vizier , Feb. 5, 1877, after the unjust dismission of Midhat Pasha." 
  2. ^ Shaw, Wendy M. K. (2003). Possessors and possessed: museums, archaeology, and the visualization of history in the late Ottoman Empire. University of California Press. pp. 97–98. ISBN 0520233352. "Ibrahim Edhem. After studying metals engineering in Paris and Vienna Ibrahim Edhem returned to the Ottoman Empire, where he served in several official posts – as an army engineer, as a French tutor of Sultan Abdulmecid, and, briefly in 1856, as minister of foreign affairs." 
  3. ^ Shaw, Wendy M. K. (2003). Possessors and possessed: museums, archaeology, and the visualization of history in the late Ottoman Empire. University of California Press. pp. 97–98. ISBN 0520233352. "Ibrahim Edhem. After studying metals engineering in Paris and Vienna Ibrahim Edhem returned to the Ottoman Empire, where he served in several official posts …He served as ambassador to Berlin in 1876." 
  4. ^ Shaw, Wendy M. K. (2003). Possessors and possessed: museums, archaeology, and the visualization of history in the late Ottoman Empire. University of California Press. pp. 97–98. ISBN 0520233352. "Ibrahim Edhem. After studying metals engineering in Paris and Vienna Ibrahim Edhem returned to the Ottoman Empire, where he served in several official posts…He served as ambassador to Berlin in 1876 and to Vienna between 1879 and 1882." 
  5. ^ Shaw, Wendy M. K. (2003). Possessors and possessed: museums, archaeology, and the visualization of history in the late Ottoman Empire. University of California Press. pp. 97–98. ISBN 0520233352. "Ibrahim Edhem. After studying metals engineering in Paris and Vienna Ibrahim Edhem returned to the Ottoman Empire…After serving as minister of the interior between 1883 and 1885, he retired in Istanbul." 
  6. ^ Latimer, Elizabeth Wormeley (2008). Russia and Turkey in the Nineteenth Century. BiblioBazaar. p. 204. ISBN 055952708X. "Gand vizier Edhem Pasha…The history of Edhem is a curious one. He was born of Greek parents, and saved from the massacre of Scio in 1822. He was then sold as a slave in Constantinople, and bought by the grand vizier." 
  7. ^ Yust, Walter (1956). Encyclopædia Britannica: a new survey of universal knowledge. Encyclopædia Britannica. p. 119. OCLC 3467897. "HAMDI BEY, OSMAN (1842-1910), Turkish statesman 2id art expert, son of Hilmi Pasha, one of the last of the grand viziers of the old regime, was born at Istanbul. The family was of Greek origin. Hilmi Pasha himself, as a boy of 12, was rescued from the massacre of the Greeks at Chios in 1825 and bought by Mahmud" 
  8. ^ Gilman, Daniel Coit (1906). The New International Encyclopaedia. Dodd, Mead and company. p. 644. OCLC 223290453. "A Turkish soldier and statesman, born of Greek parents on the island of Chios. In 1831 he was taken to Paris, where he was educated in engineering" 
  9. ^ Appletons' Annual Cyclopaedia and Register of Important Events. D. Appleton. 1878. p. 268. OCLC 184889012. "EDHEM PASHA, the successor of Midhat Pasha as Grand Vizier, was born at Chio, of Greek parents, in 1823. He was saved, when a child, by Turkish soldiers" 
  10. ^ Shankland, David (2004). Archaeology, anthropology, and heritage in the Balkans and Anatolia: the life and times of F.W. Hasluck, 1878-1920. Isis Press. p. 125. ISBN 9754282803. "Osman Hamdi Bey's father, Edhem Pasha (ca. 1818-1893) was a high official of the Empire. A Greek boy captured on Chios after the 1822 massacres, he was acquired and brought up by Husrev Pasha, who sent him to Paris in 1831 in order to acquire a western education." 
  11. ^ Littell, Eliakim (1888). The Living age. The Living Age Co.. p. 614. OCLC 10173561. "Edhem Pasha was a Greek by birth, pure and unadulterated, having when an infant been stolen from the island of Chios at the time of the great massacre there" 
  12. ^ Shaw, Wendy M. K. (2003). Possessors and possessed: museums, archaeology, and the visualization of history in the late Ottoman Empire. University of California Press. pp. 97–98. ISBN 0520233352. "Ibrahim Edhem, was born in the Greek Orthodox village of Sakiz. After being captured as a prisoner of war during a village revolt, he was sold as a slave to the chief naval officer, Kap- tan-i Derya Husrev Pasha, then head of the Ottoman Navy." 
  13. ^ Gilman, Daniel Coit (1906). The New International Encyclopaedia. Dodd, Mead and company. p. 644. OCLC 223290453. "A Turkish soldier and statesman, born of Greek parents on the island of Chios. In 1831 he was taken to Paris, where he was educated in engineering" 
  14. ^ Littell, Eliakim (1888). The Living age. The Living Age Co.. p. 614. OCLC 10173561. "Edhem Pasha was a Greek by birth, pure and unadulterated, having when an infant been stolen from the island of Chios at the time of the great massacre there" 
  15. ^ Shaw, Wendy M. K.. Possessors and possessed: museums, archaeology, and the visualization of history in the late Ottoman Empire. University of California Press. p. 2003. ISBN 0520233352. "(Osman Hamdi)…His father, Ibrahim Edhem, was born in the Greek Orthodox village of Sakiz. After being captured as a prisoner of war during a village revolt, he was sold as a slave to the chief naval officer, Kaptan-I Derya Husrev Pasha, the head of the Ottoman Navy, who would also soon serve as vizier to the sultan." 
  16. ^ Finkel, Caroline, Osman's Dream, (Basic Books, 2005), 57; "Istanbul was only adopted as the city's official name in 1930..".
  17. ^ Latimer, Elizabeth Wormeley (2008). Russia and Turkey in the Nineteenth Century. BiblioBazaar. p. 204. ISBN 055952708X. "Gand vizier Edhem Pasha…the grand vizier, who sent him to Paris, whence he returned a bachelor of arts, and one of the best pupils at the Ecole des Mines." 
Preceded by
Midhat Pasha		 Grand Vizier
5 February 1877 - 11 January 1878		 Succeeded by
Ahmet Hamdi Pasha

External links
Zagan Pasha (1453–1456) • Veli Mahmud Pasha (1456–1466) • Rum Mehmed Pasha (1466–1469) • Ishak Pasha (1469–1472) • Veli Mahmud Pasha (1472–1474) • Gedik Ahmed Pasha (1474–1477) • Karamani Mehmed Pasha (1477–1481) • Ishak Pasha (1481–1482) • Davud Pasha (1482–1497) • Hersekzade Ahmed Pasha (1497–1498) • Çandarlı Ibrahim Pasha (2nd) (1498–1499) • Mesih Pasha (1499–1501) • Hadim Ali Pasha (1501–1503) • Hersekzade Ahmed Pasha (1503–1506) • Hadim Ali Pasha (1509–1511) • Koca Mustafa Pasha (1511–1512) • Dukakinzade Ahmed Pasha (1512–1515) • Hersekzade Ahmed Pasha (1515–1516) • Hadim Sinan Pasha (1516–1517) • Yunus Pasha (1517) • Piri Mehmed Pasha (1517) • Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha (1523–1536) • Ayas Mehmed Pasha (1536–1539) • Lûtfi Pasha (1539–1541) • Hadim Suleiman Pasha (1541–1544) • Rüstem Pasha (1544–1553) • Kara Ahmed Pasha (1553–1555) • Rüstem Pasha (1555–1561) • Semiz Ali Pasha (1561–1565) • Sokollu Mehmed Pasha (1565–1579) • Şemsi Pasha (1579–1580) • Lala Kara Mustafa Pasha (1580) • Koca Sinan Pasha (1580–1582) • Siyavush Pasha (1582–1584) • Özdemiroğlu Osman Pasha (1584–1585) • Hadim Mesih Pasha (1585–1586) • Siyavush Pasha (1586–1589) • Koca Sinan Pasha (1589–1591) • Ferhad Pasha (1591–1592) • Siyavush Pasha (1592–1593) • Koca Sinan Pasha (1593–1595) • Ferhad Pasha (1595) • Lala Mehmed Pasha (1595) • Koca Sinan Pasha (1595–1596) • Damat Ibrahim Pasha (1596) • Cigalazade Yusuf Sinan Pasha (1596) • Damat Ibrahim Pasha (1596–1597) • Hadim Hasan Pasha (1597–1598) • Cerrah Mehmed Pasha (1598–1599) • Damat Ibrahim Pasha (1599–1601) • Yemişçi Hasan Pasha (1601–1603) • Yavuz Ali Pasha (1603–1604) • Sokolluzade Lala Mehmed Pasha (1604–1606)

Dervish Mehmed Pasha (1606) • Kuyucu Murad Pasha (1606–1611) • Nasuh Pasha (1611–1614) • Kara Mehmed Pasha (1614–1616) • Damat Halil Pasha (1616–1619) • Kara Mehmed Pasha (1619–1619) • Güzelce Ali Pasha (1619–1621) • Ohrili Hüseyin Pasha (1621) • Dilaver Pasha (1621–1622) • Kara Davud Pasha (1622) • Mere Hüseyin Pasha (1622) • Lefkeli Mustafa Pasha (1622) • Gürcü Hadim Mehmed Pasha (1622–1623) • Mere Hüseyin Pasha (1623) • Kemankeş Kara Ali Pasha (1623–1624) • Çerkes Mehmed Pasha (1624–1625) • Filibeli Hafız Ahmed Pasha (1625–1626) • Damat Halil Pasha (1626–1628) • Gazi Ekrem Hüsrev Pasha (1628–1631) • Hafiz Ahmed Pasha (1631–1632) • Topal Recep Pasha (1632) • Tabanıyassı Mehmed Pasha (1632–1637) • Bayram Pasha (1637–1638) • Tayyar Mehmed Pasha (1638) • Kemankeş Mustafa Pasha (1638–1644) • Civankapıcıbaşı Sultanzade Semiz Mehmed Pasha (1644–1645) • Nevesinli Salih Pasha (1645–1647) • Kara Musa Pasha (1647) • Hezarpare Ahmed Pasha (1647–1648) • Mevlevi Mehmed Pasha (1648–1649) • Kara Dev Murad Pasha (1649–1650) • Melek Ahmed Pasha (1650–1651) • Siyavush Pasha (1651) • Gürcü Mehmed Pasha (1651–1652) • Tarhoncu Ahmed Pasha (1652–1653) • Bıyıklı Koca Derviş Mehmed Pasha (1653–1654) • Ipşiri Mustafa Pasha (1654–1655) • Kara Dev Murad Pasha (1655) • Ermeni Süleyman Pasha (1655) • Gazi Hüseyin Pasha (1656) • Zurnazen Mustafa Pasha (1656) • Siyavush Pasha (1656) • Boynuyaralı Mehmed Pasha (1656) • Köprülü Mehmed Pasha (1656–1661) • Köprülü Fazıl Ahmed Pasha (1661–1676) • Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha (1676–1683) ) • Bayburtlu Kara Ibrahim Pasha (1683–1685) • Sarı Süleyman Pasha (1685–1687) • Abaza Siyavuş Pasha (1687–1688) • Ayaşlı İsmail Pasha (1688) • Tekirdağlı Bekri Mustafa Pasha (1688–1689) • Köprülü Fazıl Mustafa Pasha (1689–1691) • Bahadırzade Arabacı Ali Pasha (1691–1692) • Merzifonlu Çalık Hacı Ali Pasha (1692–1693) • Bozoklu (Bıyıklı) Mustafa Pasha (1694) • Sürmeli Ali Pasha (1694–1695) • Elmas Mehmed Pasha (1695–1697) • Köprülü Amcazade Hacı Hüseyin Pasha (1697–1702)

Daltaban Mustafa Pasha (1702–1703) • Rami Mehmed Pasha (1703) • Sührablı Kavanoz Nişancı Ahmed Pasha (1703) • Moralı Damat Hasan Pasha (1703–1704) • Kalaylıkoz Hacı Ahmed Pasha (1704) • Baltaci Mehmed Pasha (1704–1706) • Çorlulu Ali Pasha (1706–1710) • Köprülü Numan Pasha (1710) • Baltaci Mehmed Pasha (1710–1711) • Gürcü Ağa Yusuf Pasha (1711–1712) • Silahdar Süleyman Pasha (1712–1713) • Kel Hoca Ibrahim Pasha (1713) • Silahdar Damat Ali Pasha (1713–1716) • Hacı Halil Pasha (1716–1717) • Tevkii Nişancı Mehmed Pasha (1717–1718) • Nevşehirli Damat Ibrahim Pasha (1718–1730) • Silahdar Damat Mehmed Pasha (1730–1731) • Kabakulak Ibrahim Pasha (1731) • Topal Osman Pasha (1731–1732) • Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha (1732–1735) • Gürcü Ismail Pasha (1735–1736) • Silahdar Seyyid Mehmed Pasha (1736–1737) • Muhsinzade Abdullah Pasha (1737) • Yeğen Mehmed Pasha (1737–1739) • Hacı İvazzade Mehmed Pasha (1739–1740) • Nişancı Ahmed Pasha (1740–1742) • Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha (1742–1743) • Seyyid Hasan Pasha (1743–1746) • Tiryaki Hacı Mehmed Pasha (1746–1747) • Boynueğri Seyyid Abdullah Pasha (1747–1750) • Divitdar Mehmed Emin Pasha (1750–1752) • Çorlulu Köse Bahir Mustafa Pasha (1752–1755) • Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha (1755) • Naili Abdullah Pasha (1755) • Silahdar Bıyıklı Ali Pasha (1755) • Yirmisekizzade Mehmed Said Pasha (1755–1756) • Çorlulu Köse Bahir Mustafa Pasha (1756–1757) • Koca Ragıp Pasha (1757–1763) • Tevkii Hamza Hamid Pasha (1763) • Çorlulu Köse Bahir Mustafa Pasha (1763–1765) • Muhsinzade Mehmed Pasha (1765–1768) • Silahdar Hamza Mahir Pasha (1768) • Yağlıkçızade Nişancı Hacı Mehmed Emin Pasha (1768–1769) • Moldovancı Ali Pasha (1769) • Ivazzade Halil Pasha (1769–1770) • Silahdar Mehmed Pasha (1770–1771) • Muhsinzade Mehmed Pasha (1771–1774) • Safranbolulu Izzet Mehmed Pasha (1774–1775) • Moralı Derviş Mehmed Pasha (1775–1777) • Darendeli Cebecizade Mehmed Pasha (1777–1778) • Kalafat Mehmed Pasha (1778–1779) • Silahdar Karavezir Seyyid Mehmed Pasha (1779–1781) • Safranbolulu Izzet Mehmed Pasha (1781–1782) • Yeğen Hacı Mehmed Pasha (1782) • Halil Hamid Pasha (1782–1785) • Hazinedar Şahin Ali Pasha (1785–1786) • Koca Yusuf Pasha (1786–1789) • Kethüda Meyyit Hasan Pasha (1789) • Cezayirli Gazi Hasan Pasha (1789–1790) • Çelebizade Şerif Hasan Pasha (1790–1791) • Koca Yusuf Pasha (1791–1792)
Damad Melek Mehmed Pasha (1792–1794) • Izzet Mehmed Pasha (1794–1798) • Kör Yusuf Ziyaüddin Pasha (1798–1805) • Hafiz Ismail Pasha (1805–1806) • Ibrahim Hilmi Pasha (1806–1807) • Çelebi Mustafa Pasha (1807–1808) • Alemdar Mustafa Pasha (1808) • Çavuşbaşı Memiş Pasha (1808–1809) • Kör Yusuf Ziyaüddin Pasha (1809–1811) • Laz Aziz Ahmed Pasha (1811–1812) • Hursid Pasha (1812–1815) • Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha (1815–1818) • Dervish Mehmed Pasha (1818–1820) • Seyyid Ali Pasha (1820–1821) • Benderli Ali Pasha (1821) • Hacı Salih Pasha (1821–1822) • Deli Abdullah Pasha (1822–1823) • Silahdar Ali Pasha (1823) • Mehmed Said Galip Pasha (1823–1824) • Mehmed Selim Pasha (1824–1828) • Darendeli Mehmed Pasha (1828–1829)  • Reşid Mehmed Pasha (1829–1833)  • Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha (1833–1839)  • Husrev Pasha (1839–1840) • Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha (1840–1841)  • Darendeli Mehmed Pasha (1841–1842)  • Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha (1842–1846)  • Mustafa Reshid Pasha (1846–1848) • Ibrahim Sarim Pasha (1848)  • Mustafa Reshid Pasha (1848–1852)  • Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha (1852)  • Mustafa Reshid Pasha (1852)  • Mehmed Emin Aali Pasha (1852) • Damad Mehmed Ali Pasha (1852–1853) • Mustafa Naili Pasha (1853–1854)  • Kıbrıslı Mehmed Emin Pasha (1854)  • Mustafa Reshid Pasha (1854–1855)  • Mehmed Emin Aali Pasha (1855–1856) • Mustafa Reshid Pasha (1856–1857) • Mustafa Naili Pasha (1857)  • Mustafa Reshid Pasha (1857–1858)  • Mehmed Emin Aali Pasha (1858–1859)  • Kıbrıslı Mehmed Emin Pasha (1859)  • Mehmed Rushdi Pasha (1859–1860)  • Kıbrıslı Mehmed Emin Pasha (1860–1861)  • Mehmed Emin Aali Pasha (1861)  • Mehmed Fuad Pasha (1861–1866)  • Yusuf Kamil Pasha (1863)  • Mehmed Fuad Pasha (1863–1866)  • Mehmed Rushdi Pasha (1866–1867)  • Mehmed Emin Aali Pasha (1866–1871)  • Mahmud Nedim Pasha (1871–1872)  • Midhat Pasha (1872)  • Mehmed Rushdi Pasha (1872–1873)  • Ahmed Esad Pasha (1873)  • Şirvanlızade Mehmed Rüşdi Pasha (1873–1874)  • Hüseyin Avni Pasha (1874–1875)  • Ahmed Esad Pasha (1875)  • Mahmud Nedim Pasha (1875–1876)  • Mehmed Rushdi Pasha (1876–1876)  • Midhat Pasha (1876–1877)  • Ibrahim Edhem Pasha (1877–1878)  • Ahmed Hamdi Pasha (1878)  • Ahmed Vefik Pasha (1878)  • Mehmed Sadık Pasha (1878)  • Mehmed Rushdi Pasha (1878)  • Saffet Pasha (1878)  • Hayreddin Pasha (1878–1879)  • Ahmed Arifi Pasha (1879)  • Mehmed Said Pasha (1879–1880)  • Kadri Pasha (1880)  • Mehmed Said Pasha (1880–1882)  • Abdurrahman Nureddin Pasha (1882)  • Mehmed Said Pasha (1882)  • Ahmed Vefik Pasha (1882)  • Mehmed Said Pasha (1882–1885) • Kâmil Pasha (1885–1891)  • Ahmed Cevat Pasha(1891–1895)  • Mehmed Said Pasha (1895)  • Kâmil Pasha (1895)  • Halil Rifat Pasha (1895–1901)  • Mehmed Said Pasha (1901–1903)  • Mehmed Ferid Pasha (1903–1908) • Mehmed Said Pasha (1908)  • Kâmil Pasha (1908–1909) •  • Hüseyin Hilmi Pasha (1909)  • Ahmed Tevfik Pasha (1909) • Hüseyin Hilmi Pasha (1909–1910) • Ibrahim Hakki Pasha (1910–1911)  • Mehmed Said Pasha (1911–1912)  • Gazi Ahmed Muhtar Pasha (1912)  • Kâmil Pasha (1912–1913) • Mahmud Shevket Pasha (1913) • Said Halim Pasha (1913–1917)  • Mehmed Talat Pasha (1917–1918)  • Ahmed Izzet Pasha (1918)  • Ahmed Tevfik Pasha (1918–1919)  • Damad Ferid Pasha (1919)  • Ali Riza Pasha (1919–1920)  • Salih Hulusi Pasha (1920) • Damad Ferid Pasha (1920) • Ahmed Tevfik Pasha (1920–1922)